In California, where electric bike use is growing fast, the government has made important changes to the rules around e-bikes. Starting in 2025, new laws will take effect that affect how electric bikes are used, sold, and rented. If you live in California or are planning to visit, it’s important to know these changes.
1. New Rules for E-Bike Classes
California has three main classes of electric bicycles, and these classifications will still apply after the new laws take effect. There will be some key changes in the rules for each class.
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Class 1 E-bikes: These are bikes that only provide power when you are pedaling. The motor can help you reach a top speed of 20 miles per hour. Under the new law, Class 1 electric bicycles must be exclusively pedal assist, meaning there cannot be a throttle (a handlebar grip that makes the bike go faster without pedaling).
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Class 2 E-bikes: These bikes have a throttle that can help you accelerate. The throttle will only work up to 20 miles per hour. If you want to go faster, you will need to pedal. Class 2 bikes can still have throttles under the new law, but only up to the 20 mph limit.
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Class 3 E-bikes: These are similar to Class 1 bikes but with a higher speed limit. The motor can help you reach speeds up to 28 miles per hour. Like Class 1 bikes, Class 3 e-bikes cannot have a throttle anymore. They must be pedal-assist only.
These rules aim to keep e-bikes safe and prevent them from becoming too fast or dangerous. While some people may miss the extra speed, these limits will help make the roads safer for everyone.
SEE ALSO Do You Need to Register an Electric Bike in the U.S.?
2. Power Limit for E-Bikes
One of the biggest changes in the 2025 law is the power limit for e-bikes. Previously, someelectric bikes were built with motors that had a peak output of more than 750 watts. This meant that the bike could go much faster than allowed, even without pedaling.
Under the new law, all e-bikes must have a motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power. This will help prevent people from turning their e-bikes into electric motorcycles. While 750 watts is still a lot of power (it’s three times the power of a typical electric bicycles in Europe), the law makes it clear that e-bikes should not be too powerful.
This change will make sure that electric bikes stay within a reasonable range of speed and power. It will also make sure that they are treated like bicycles, not motorcycles.
3. Battery Safety and Testing
Another important part of the 2025 law is the new battery safety rules. E-bike batteries are one of the most important parts of the bike. If the battery is not safe, it could catch fire or cause other accidents. To avoid these risks, all e-bike batteries sold in California will need to undergo safety testing.
By January 1, 2026, all electric bicycles batteries will have to be tested and certified by a lab that is accredited. This certification will show that the battery is safe to use. Manufacturers have until 2025 to make sure their batteries meet these new safety standards.
Additionally, rental companies will not be allowed to rent e-bikes unless their bikes and batteries are certified. This rule will go into effect by 2028. This will help protect people who rent electric bikes, making sure they are riding bikes that are safe and up to standard.
4. No Throttles on Some E-Bikes
As mentioned earlier, Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes can no longer have throttles. The throttle is a feature that allows the rider to control the speed of the bike without pedaling. Under the new law, only Class 2 e-bikes can have a throttle, and the throttle will only work until 20 mph.
This change is meant to make sure that electric bikes are more like regular bicycles and less like electric motorcycles. In the past, some e-bikes were sold with powerful throttles that made them much faster than normal bicycles. This created safety concerns, especially in busy areas or places with lots of pedestrians.
Age Requirements and Helmet Laws
Beyond speed and power, California's 2025 e-bike laws also clarify important safety regulations regarding rider age and helmet use. These rules are designed to protect riders, especially minors, and reduce the risk of accidents.
For Class 1 and Class 2 E-bikes: There are generally no statewide age restrictions for these classes if you are 16 or older. However, riders under 18 years old are required to wear a helmet at all times when operating any Class 1 or 2 e-bike.
For Class 3 E-bikes: These higher-speed e-bikes have stricter requirements. Riders must be at least 16 years old to operate a Class 3 e-bike. Additionally, all riders of Class 3 e-bikes, regardless of age, must wear a properly fitted bicycle helmet that meets safety standards (e.g., CPSC approved).
Driving Certificates for Minors: In some cases, riders under 16 who wish to operate a pedal-assist e-bike (any class) may need a state-issued driving certificate.
These regulations emphasize the state's commitment to rider safety, particularly for younger individuals, given the increased speeds and potential risks associated with e-bikes.
Where You Can Ride Your E-Bike
Understanding where each e-bike class is permitted to ride is essential for staying compliant and avoiding fines. California's laws, along with local ordinances, dictate access to various pathways and roads.
Class 1 and Class 2 E-bikes: These e-bikes are generally treated similarly to traditional bicycles. They are typically allowed on:
Class 1 Bike Paths: Dedicated paved paths often found in natural areas, for the exclusive use of cyclists and pedestrians.
Class 2 Bike Lanes: Designated one-way bike lanes on streets and highways.
City Streets and Roadways: Where conventional bicycles are permitted.
Sidewalks: Generally not permitted unless expressly allowed by local ordinance. Many cities ban bicycles (including e-bikes) on sidewalks in business districts for pedestrian safety.
Class 3 E-bikes: Due to their higher speed capabilities, Class 3 e-bikes have more restrictions:
Roads and Bike Lanes Adjacent to Roadways: These are generally permitted.
Restricted Areas: Class 3 e-bikes are typically not allowed on multi-use paths, separated bike trails, equestrian trails, or hiking/recreational trails unless specifically designated or explicitly allowed by a local authority or the governing body of a a public agency having jurisdiction over the trail. This is to ensure the safety of slower-moving pedestrians and cyclists.
It is crucial for riders to always check local signage and municipal ordinances, as local jurisdictions often have the authority to impose additional restrictions on e-bike usage in their specific areas.
Enforcement and Penalties for Non-Compliance
The new 2025 e-bike laws in California come with clear implications for those who do not comply. The goal is not just to set rules, but to ensure they are followed for the safety of all road users.
Reclassification as a Motor Vehicle: One of the most significant consequences of non-compliance is the reclassification of your e-bike. If an e-bike is modified to exceed the legal speed limits (20 mph for Class 1/2, 28 mph for Class 3) or the 750-watt power limit, it may no longer be considered an "electric bicycle" under California law. Instead, it could be reclassified as a motor-driven cycle or moped, which requires:
- DMV Registration
- Motorcycle Endorsement or Driver's License
- Vehicle Insurance
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License Plates
Failure to comply with these requirements can lead to severe penalties.
Fines and Citations: Riders caught violating speed limits, throttle restrictions, age requirements, or helmet laws can face fines and citations. These penalties can vary depending on the specific violation and local ordinances.
Confiscation: In some cases of egregious or repeated violations, authorities may have the right to confiscate non-compliant e-bikes.
Prohibition on Selling Modification Devices: Assembly Bill (AB) 1774 specifically bans the sale or distribution of devices designed to modify an e-bike's speed or power beyond legal limits. Retailers and online sellers caught selling such items may face criminal charges.
These measures underscore California's commitment to ensuring e-bikes are operated safely and within their intended classification, preventing them from becoming unregulated high-speed vehicles on public roads and trails.
Key Legislation Behind the Changes
The significant updates to California's e-bike laws in 2025 are the result of specific legislative efforts. Understanding these bill numbers can provide further clarity and authority to the new regulations.
Senate Bill (SB) 1271: This foundational bill, signed into law on September 27, 2024, is largely responsible for the stricter e-bike regulations taking effect. SB 1271 mandates certified batteries, caps motor power at 750 watts, and prohibits the sale of unsafe e-bikes or unlabeled components. It also refined the class definitions, particularly regarding throttle use for Class 1 and 3 e-bikes.
Assembly Bill (AB) 1774: This bill specifically targets aftermarket speed-modification kits. AB 1774 explicitly prohibits the sale or distribution of any product or device designed to enable an electric bicycle to exceed its legal speed or power output limits. This aims to curb the practice of modifying e-bikes into unregulated, high-speed vehicles.
Assembly Bill (AB) 544: While older (from 2015), AB 544 initially defined e-bikes into three classes and outlined where each type could be operated. Later amendments, potentially including new bills or ongoing discussions (like AB 545 for certain lighting requirements), continue to shape the regulatory landscape.
These legislative actions reflect California's proactive approach to integrating e-bikes safely into its transportation infrastructure by setting clear legal boundaries and safety standards.
Why the New Laws Are Important
These new rules are not just about making e-bikes less fun to ride. The goal is to make e-bikes safer for everyone. As electric bicycless become more common, there have been more reports of accidents, injuries, and confusion about what is allowed.
- Ensure safety: By limiting the power and speed of ebikes, the law helps reduce the risk of accidents.
- Standardize rules: With clearer rules, it will be easier for people to understand what kind of electric bikes are legal to ride and where they can ride them.
- Promote fairness: The law applies to everyone, from casual riders to rental companies. It helps create a level playing field for all users.
What to Expect in 2025 and Beyond
Starting in 2025, you can expect to see more ebikes on the roads in California. The new rules will make sure that these bikes are safe, not too fast, and good for the environment. If you are planning to buy or rent an ebike in California, here are a few things you should keep in mind:
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Check the class: Make sure the bike has the right class for your needs. If you want a bike with a throttle, you’ll need a Class 2 bike. The Qiolor Tiger electric adult bike is a 750W ebike with a throttle, featuring two models: the twist throttle on the Qiolor Tiger and the thumb throttle on the Tiger Plus.
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Look for certified batteries: Make sure the electric bike’s battery has been tested and certified for safety.
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Know the speed limits: Remember that electric bicycles can’t go faster than 20 mph or 28 mph, depending on the class.
Conclusion
The 2025 California electric bike law brings some important changes to the way e-bikes are regulated. By setting clear rules about speed, power, and safety, the law aims to make e-bikes safer and more accessible. Whether you are a rider, a manufacturer, or a rental company, it’s important to understand these new laws. If you follow the rules, you can enjoy riding e-bikes while keeping yourself and others safe on the road.
FAQs
What happens if I ride a Class 3 e-bike in a bike lane?
Class 3 e-bikes are allowed in bike lanes in California, but they must be equipped with pedal-assist systems only. If you are caught using a throttle on a Class 3 e-bike, you may face fines or penalties, as throttles are no longer allowed on Class 3 bikes.
Can I modify my e-bike to increase its speed or power?
Modifying your e-bike to increase its speed or motor power beyond the legal limits (750W for e-bikes) is illegal in California. If caught, you may face fines and could have your e-bike confiscated. It is important to follow all legal requirements to avoid potential legal issues.
Are e-bikes required to have insurance in California?
Currently, California does not require e-bikes to have insurance. However, it is recommended to have some form of insurance coverage, especially for expensive bikes or those used in shared mobility programs. Always check with your insurance provider to see if your policy covers e-bikes.
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